Hover Fly and you will Bee Fly Variety Diversity
Bee Species Range
From 2009 so you can 2018, 192 bee species (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) have been trapped in the Calanques National Playground thru one another web and you can pan pitfall stuff. They belonged to six group and you can 38 genera. Megachilidae are by far the most kinds-rich household members, accompanied by Apidae and Halictidae, which have 53, 49, and you will 43 kinds, correspondingly. Andrena Fabricius, 1775 are the fresh new wealthiest genus, having 33 types, whereas 7 genera was indeed depicted of the only 1 species (Stelis Panzer, 1806; Protosmia Ducke, 1900; Pseudoanthidium Friese, 1898; Coelioxys Latreille, 1809; Chelostoma Latreille, 1809; Anthidiellum Cockerell, 1904; want Sugar Daddy Sites dating app Amegilla Friese, 1897; Panurgus Panzer, 1806; Supp Table 1 [on the web only] ). By using the jackknife step one and you can 2 spiders, the full bee variety fullness is actually projected are between ± 9.89 and you may ± . The newest seen fullness for this reason portrayed 71.step 3 so you can 79.6% of one’s projected bee fullness ( Dining table 2). The Chao1 means estimated the fresh new observed fullness as 76.8% of prospective maximum richness ( Table dos). The essential plentiful species try Apis mellifera L. (276 anyone), followed closely by Rhodanthidium septemdentatum (Latreille, 1809), Rh. sticticum (Fabricius, 1787) (174 and you can 168 individuals, respectively), and you may Lasioglossum transitorium (Shenck, 1868) (113 individuals). Finally, 50 types (26%) was illustrated of the one individual (singletons).
Environment Faculties off Bees
About your environmental traits regarding nesting choices, we known 59 single bee variety nesting a lot more than crushed, 92 unmarried bee kinds nesting below ground and 23 cleptoparasitic kinds, corresponding to 31.7, 47.9, and you can a dozen.0% of the complete bee types fullness, respectively. We observed five personal varieties (bumble bees and you may honey bees-2.1%). Eventually, brand new nesting tastes out-of 14 species are nevertheless not familiar (seven.3%- Supp Dining table step 1 [online simply] ). About your floral diet plan of bee types, i learned that 105 variety (54.7%) foraged on a variety of plant variety (i.e., generalist varieties, polylectic) and you can 51 species (26.5%) foraged on one plant family or that/pair plant kinds (i.elizabeth., pro species, oligolectic). With the remaining thirty-six bee variety (18.8%), the new flowery diet was not recognized (e.g., to own cleptoparasitic types). But not, extremely generalist species displayed a preference for one otherwise several bush household ( Supp Desk step one [on the internet just] ). On the 44 singletons, fourteen bee variety (28%) had been professionals, and 9 bee varieties (18%) have been cleptoparasitic ( Supp Table step 1 [on the web just] ).
A keen IUCN status was designed for 178 kinds (leaving out the types buildings and you may unfamiliar types). Those types of, 47 variety were classified once the investigation deficient (DD-twenty-six.4%), 124 variety have been the very least concerned (LC-69.6%), half a dozen species was basically close threatened (NT-step three.4%; Andrena ovatula (Kirby, 1802), Colletes albomaculatus (Lucas, 1849), Dasypoda argentata Panzer, 1809, Halictus quadricinctus (Fabricius, 1776), Lasioglossum prasinum (Smith, 1848), and L. pygmaeum (Schenck, 1853)), plus one kinds try experienced threatened (EN-0.6%; L. soror (Saunders, 1901)- Supp Table 1 [on line only] ). About three oligolectic kinds was basically among 7 endangered bee types. A good. ovatula and C. albomaculatus was gurus on Fabaceae, D. argentata are a specialist for the Caprifoliaceae.
Off 2009 to 2018, 38 types of hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) was basically caught inside the Calanques National Park. It belonged so you’re able to 24 genera ( Supp Dining table dos [on the internet only] ). Probably the most abundant genera was Paragus Latreille, 1804 (33 people), Meliscaeva Frey, 1946 (14 anyone), and Sphaerophoria Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau Audinet-Serville in Latreille, 1828 (13 anybody), while 20 species (53%) have been illustrated of the one private ( Supp Table 2 [on line merely] ). The new bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae) was represented from the 20 varieties, as well as five singletons (25%) ( Supp Table 3 [online merely] ). The brand new quote away from overall varieties richness out-of hover flies and you may bee flies are anywhere between 83 and you can 97 variety making use of the jackknife 1 and 2 spiders, respectively. Thus, the brand new noticed fullness illustrated 59.8–69.9% of one’s projected hover travel and bee travel fullness ( Desk 2).
